International Journal of Advances in Medical Biotechnology - IJAMB

Exosome-loaded alginate hydrogels as modulators of B16-F10 melanoma cell migration

2024-11-19T10:45:52-02:00

Exosomes have gained attention as promising therapeutic agents in cancer treatment due to their ability to influence target cell phenotypes and modulate immune responses. Their role in tumor biology, however, is influenced by several factors, including the source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), culture conditions, and the tumor microenvironment. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exosomes derived from bone marrow MSCs of Sprague-Dawley rats, incorporated into alginate hydrogels (AH), on the migration and viability of murine melanoma (B16-F10) cells. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the hydrogels preserved their structural integrity after exosome incorporation. Both AH and exosome-loaded AH (AHE) exhibited no cytotoxic effects, as the viability and colony-forming capacity of B16-F10 cells remained comparable to untreated controls. Notably, AHE significantly suppressed tumor cell migration, a critical step in cancer metastasis, whereas AH alone had no effect. These findings indicate that exosomes retained their functionality within the hydrogel matrix, effectively modulating cell migration. This study underscores the therapeutic potential of exosome-loaded hydrogels in regulating cancer cell behavior. Nonetheless, further research is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved and optimize the clinical application of exosome-integrated hydrogels.

Enhanced bone implant with porous polypropylene matrix coated with chitosan and hydroxyapatite

2024-10-17T10:51:48-03:00

Porous polymer matrix based on functionalized polypropylene coated with chitosan and hydroxyapatite was prepared to evaluate its body response and establish its ability to induce osteointegration and/or osteoconduction. 12 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups corresponding to 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 weeks of healing; a 5x1 mm bone defect was created in the proximal diaphysis of both tibiae. In the right member the composite to evaluate was introduced and the left member was used as control. Animals were sacrificed by CO₂ chamber and a radiographic and histological study was done. The implanted composite showed no evidence of foreign body reaction from the first week and maintained close contact with newly formed bone tissue. During the first two weeks a periosteal reaction penetrating the implant pores was observed. Osteogenic buds observed as mesenchymal cells condensations highly vascularized and newly trabecular bone formations were found within the implant pores. New bone formation was observed until the eighth week after implantation when morpho-structural adaptation began.

We concluded this matrix coated with chitosan and hydroxyapatite exhibited osteointegrated properties because it’s structurally binding to bone and osteoconductive properties due to adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of the osteoblastic cells within their pores.

Strategic routes for 3D printing of engineered meniscal substitutes

2024-12-20T13:09:20-02:00

Meniscal injuries present challenges due to their prevalence, limited regenerative capacity, and inconsistent treatment outcomes. Printed-engineered meniscus substitutes (PEMS) offer a promising alternative. This study aimed to develop a roadmap (RMap) illustrating the current state of tissue engineering for PEMS. A review of literature on meniscus, scaffolding, bioprinting, and tissue engineering was conducted, analyzing bioprinting processes, biomaterials, cells, and biomolecules. The findings were used to evaluate biomimicry and innovation potential, producing an RMap that outlines the scientific and technological landscape, facilitating knowledge management and guiding the development of commercially viable PEMS.

Nanoceramic materials for bone regeneration: a systematic review in animal experimental studies

2024-11-22T18:33:45-02:00

Nanoceramic materials re used for bone healing. However, the diversity of nanoceramics and the different manufacturing methods used in literature make results difficult to compare. In this context, the purpose of this study was to perform a literature systematic review examining the effects of different nanoceramic materials in bone healing. The search was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) orientations and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) descriptors: “bone tissue”, “nanomaterial”, “ceramic” and “animal studies”. 162 articles were retrieved from PubMed and Scopus databases. After elegibility analyses, 29 papers were included (covering a 2007 and 2020 period). Results demonstrated that the commonest materials were Hydroxiapatite, Bioglass, Ttricalcium Phosphate and Bicalcium Phosphate, alone or associated with other materials or drugs. In vivo results showed that nanoceramic materials promoted bone healing in different animals models. As conclusion, nanoceramic materials are excellent candidates as bone grafts due to their bioactivity and good bone interaction.

3D printed hydroxyapatite-collagen from tilapia skin scaffolds for bone tissue engineering proposals

2025-04-17T11:25:33-03:00

Bone possesses an inherent capacity for healing fractures, thereby restoring tissue structure and biomechanical properties. However, conditions such as osteoporosis, tumors, and infections can hinder and prolong the healing process, resulting in non-union fractures. Biomaterials, notably hydroxyapatite (HA) and collagen (Col), play a pivotal role in fracture treatment by fostering bone cell differentiation and new bone formation. HA mimics bone mineral components, while Col represents the organic matrix. Biomimetic scaffolds combining HA/Col, particularly utilizing natural collagen-like that sourced from fish, have garnered attention for their demonstrated osteogenic and angiogenic potential. Additionally, advancements in 3D printing technology enable the fabrication of scaffolds with interconnected pores. This study evaluates the physicochemical properties and cytotoxicity of 3D-printed HA and HA/COL scaffolds. Scanning electron microscopy shows uniformity in HA scaffolds and a fibrous appearance in HA/COL scaffolds. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy distinguishes characteristic peaks of HA and COL. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy reveals varying calcium/phosphate ratios. Over 21 days, mass loss rates, pH, and swelling ratios differ between scaffold types. MTT assay results demonstrate increased cell viability and non-cytotoxicity in HA and HA/COL scaffolds compared to controls, indicating the promise of HA/COL scaffolds for bone regeneration.